Innovative Research in Applied, Biological and Chemical Sciences
type: channel
description: Journal Name: Innovative Research in Applied, Biological, and Chemical Sciences Journal Abbreviation: IRABCS ISSN: 3005-8449 Description: The IRABCS is a biannual, open-access, double-blind peer-reviewed journal dedicated to advancing applied, biological, and chemical sciences through high-quality, ethically reviewed research that addresses challenges in medicine, environmental science, biotechnology, and related fields. The journal promotes regional and international scientific collaboration, supports researchers—particularly from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan—and facilitates knowledge exchange and innovation across disciplines. IRABCS is indexed/abstracted in Google Scholar, Crossref, WorldCat, Scilit, Semantic Scholar, OUCI, EuroPub, Index Copernicus, DRJI, Research Bible, PakMediNet, and Advanced Sciences Index, and is registered with ICMJE, Reviewers Credit, ORCID, DORA, SECP, and with DOI/Crossref. Google Scholar estimated Impact Factor: 0.189 Publication Frequency: Biannual (June and December) Forthcoming Issue / Early View: Accepted articles are published online in their original, unedited manuscript form within a few days of acceptance, subject to completion of all required publication formalities, including confirmation of applicable publication charges. This Early View version enables rapid dissemination of research and is later replaced by the final Version of Record after copyediting, typesetting, and author proof corrections are completed. Copyediting and Proofs: All manuscripts accepted for publication in the Innovative Research in Applied, Biological, and Chemical Sciences (IRABCS) Journal undergo essential copyediting and proofreading to ensure accuracy, clarity, and consistency in grammar, spelling, and style. Authors may choose to use external language-editing services prior to submission at their own discretion; however, the use of such services is neither mandatory nor a guarantee of peer review or acceptance. Proof Review Process: The correspond…
publisher: Innovative Research Journals | https://irjpl.org
language: en
publication name: Innovative Research in Applied, Biological and Chemical Sciences
issn: 3005-8449
copyright: Authors retain copyright to their work published in the IRABCS journal under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
items: Evaluation of Drug Utilization Patterns and Drug-Related Problems in Myocardial Infarction Management at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
items: Statins and Breast Cancer: Evaluating the Cholesterol Level and Effect on Female Mortality Rates
items: Design of a Sustainable Whey–Corn Hybrid Protein Powder for Enhanced Nutrition, Functionality, and Environmental Stewardship
items: Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Perspectives on Optimizing Drug Combinations in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients
items: The Environmental Paradox of Nano bioinoculants: Balancing Agricultural Benefits Against Ecosystem Risks
items: Repurposing Prescription Medications for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Clinical Implications, a Narrative Review
items: Penile Thread Tourniquet Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Age-Related Variability
items: Early Diagnostic Utility of Genexpert for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
items: Clinical Outcomes of CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Gene Editing in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Biotechnology-Based Therapeutic Approach
items: Assessing the Role of MC4R Gene Variants and Dietary Habits in the Development of Obesity among Adolescents
items: Luspatercept (REBLOZYL): A Game-Changer in Reducing Transfusion Burden for β-Thalassemia Patients
items: Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association with Obesity Among Urban School-Aged Children in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
items: Effectiveness and Safety of Management Strategies for Cardiac Arrhythmias in Pregnancy: A Prospective Observational Study
items: Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetics Using Metformin vs. Combination Therapy
items: Assessment of Nigella sativa (Black Seed) Supplementation in Improving Asthma Control among Adolescents
items: Efficacy of Ivy Leaf Extract Syrup in Managing Bronchial Asthma Among Children: A Prospective Observational Study
items: In vitro Assessment of the Antiviral Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Dengue Virus Serotype 2 (DENV-2)
items: Comparative Study of Oral versus Intravenous Iron Therapy in the Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia
items: Prevalence and Clinical Implications of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Among Pakistani Women
items: Assessing the Efficacy of Plant-Based Diets in Managing Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Health
items: Comparative Study of Proton Pump Inhibitors versus H2 Blockers in Peptic Ulcer Disease Management
items: Smart Farming Technologies: AI-Driven Crop Monitoring and Precision Agronomy
items: Gastrointestinal Efficacy of Omeprazole in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
items: Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Heart Failure Outcomes in Vitamin D Deficient Patients
items: Prevalence and Risk Factors of ENT Symptoms in Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
items: Assessment of Current Medical Management Approaches for Thyroid Nodules and Cancer in a Tertiary Care Setting
items: Impact of Long-Term Aspirin Use on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Bleeding Risks
items: Recent Trends in Improving Resistance against Diseases Using Molecular Genetics and Omics Tools
items: Evaluating the Efficacy of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Reducing Recurrent Stroke in High-Risk Patients
items: Investigating the Role of Genetic Predisposition in Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis

Evaluation of Drug Utilization Patterns and Drug-Related Problems in Myocardial Infarction Management at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
type: item
description: Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in resource-limited settings. Appropriate pharmacotherapy is essential for optimizing patient outcomes; however, drug-related problems, potential drug–drug interactions, and cost-related prescribing issues may affect the quality and safety of MI management. Evaluating drug utilization patterns in hospitalized MI patients may help identify opportunities for improving prescribing practices. Objective: To evaluate drug utilization patterns and identify drug-related problems, potential drug–drug interactions, untreated conditions, and cost-related prescribing issues among hospitalized patients with myocardial infarction. Methods: A prospective descriptive observational case series was conducted in the cardiac ward and coronary care unit of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan, from December 2019 to March 2020. Fifteen hospitalized patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction were included during the study period as part of an exploratory pilot assessment. Data were collected prospectively using a structured Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan (SOAP)-based proforma. Drug-related problems and potential drug–drug interactions were identified using standard clinical references and categorized descriptively. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: Among the 15 patients included, 53.3% were male and 46.7% were female, with most patients (66.7%) aged 56–65 years. ST-elevation myocardial infarction was more common (73.3%) than non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (26.7%). Potential drug–drug interactions were identified in all evaluated prescriptions, most commonly involving antiplatelet and anticoagulant combinations. Commonly observed drug-related problems included cost-related prescribing issues (86.7%), inappropriate dosing frequency (60.0%), inappropriate dosing (53.3%), and untreated clin…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Pharmacotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Myocardial infarction
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug–drug interactions
  topic: keywords
subject: Adverse drug reactions
  topic: keywords
subject: Rational prescribing
  topic: keywords
creator: safa gul
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 safa gul (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.216

Statins and Breast Cancer: Evaluating the Cholesterol Level and Effect on Female Mortality Rates
type: item
description: Statins, commonly used for lipid lowering through inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and the mevalonate pathway, have been increasingly investigated for potential anticancer effects in breast cancer. Cholesterol metabolism plays a key role in tumor biology by supporting estrogen synthesis and through 27-hydroxycholesterol, which promotes estrogen receptor signaling and tumor progression. Obesity further contributes to breast cancer risk by altering lipid metabolism and increasing estrogen production, particularly in postmenopausal women. Observational studies suggest an association between statin use, improved cholesterol profiles, and reduced breast cancer mortality, although causality remains unproven. Overall, cholesterol metabolism represents a potentially modifiable pathway in breast cancer, and statins may have adjunctive therapeutic value, but prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm their effect on survival outcomes.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chemical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Statins
  topic: keywords
subject: Breast Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: The Cholesterol Level
  topic: keywords
subject: Female Mortality Rates
  topic: keywords
creator: Aman Advani
creator: Nahid Jamal
creator: Ahsan Shabbir
creator: Haresh Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aman Advani, Nahid Jamal, Ahsan Shabbir, Haresh Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.208

Design of a Sustainable Whey–Corn Hybrid Protein Powder for Enhanced Nutrition, Functionality, and Environmental Stewardship
type: item
description: The escalating global protein demand and the environmental burden of conventional animal-based production necessitate the development of sustainable and nutritionally balanced alternatives. This review explores the design of a novel hybrid protein powder integrating whey protein—renowned for its superior bioavailability and leucine richness—with corn protein, a sustainable plant-based source possessing the highest leucine concentration among cereals. The innovation lies in employing physical, chemical, and enzymatic crosslinking techniques to form a unified protein matrix with enhanced solubility, stability, and bioactivity, thereby overcoming the intrinsic limitations of individual proteins. The paper critically examines the nutritional rationale underpinning this combination, emphasizing essential and branched-chain amino acids vital for muscle metabolism. It further outlines the extraction and formulation methodologies for both whey and corn proteins, detailing strategies for achieving optimal functional and sensory properties. By merging the anabolic potency of whey with the sustainability and affordability of corn, this hybrid system offers a versatile and eco-efficient ingredient suitable for beverages, bakery products, and fortified foods. Overall, this work highlights hybrid protein technology as a promising pathway toward sustainable protein innovation and future global food security.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chemical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: hybrid protein
  topic: keywords
subject: whey protein
  topic: keywords
subject: protein
  topic: keywords
subject: corn protein
  topic: keywords
subject: protein crosslinking
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable food system
  topic: keywords
subject: functional food
  topic: keywords
subject: amino acid profile
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Abdullah Butt
creator: Muhammad Hameez Shahzad
creator: Samiyah Tasleem
creator: Rabiya Riaz
creator: Xianjiang Ye
creator: Burhan Khalid
creator: Muhammad Atiq Ashraf
creator: Muhammad Moeid Khan
creator: Md. Shabudden Ahamed
creator: Aliza Batool
creator: Zhijun Xia
creator: Talha Riaz
creator: Muhammad Umair Arshad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 32
ending page: 51
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.171

Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Perspectives on Optimizing Drug Combinations in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients
type: item
description: Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a major global health challenge, requiring optimized drug combinations to improve outcomes. Objective: To evaluate pharmacological and pharmaceutical chemistry perspectives in optimizing MDR-TB regimens, focusing on therapeutic effectiveness, resistance reduction, and clinical outcomes. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted at Bumrungrad International Hospital, Thailand, in collaboration with Prince of Songkla University from January 2022 to December 2023. A total of 406 confirmed MDR-TB patients were enrolled. Data included demographics, comorbidities, therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmaceutical chemistry profiling, in vitro drug–drug interaction assays, and clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses included chi-square, t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of 406 patients, 243 (59.85%) were male and 163 (40.15%) female. Diabetes mellitus (21.92%) and HIV co-infection (6.65%) were significantly associated with poor outcomes (p < 0.001). Therapeutic drug monitoring showed optimal levofloxacin and bedaquiline levels in 73.40% and 79.80% of patients, respectively, both significantly linked to treatment success (p = 0.020 and p = 0.010). In vitro assays revealed synergy for levofloxacin–linezolid (62.81%) and linezolid–bedaquiline (57.14%). At six months, sputum culture conversion reached 84.00%, with overall treatment success in 78.82% (320/406). Early culture conversion (AOR 3.24, p < 0.001), absence of diabetes (AOR 2.11, p = 0.001), and adequate levofloxacin exposure (AOR 1.89, p = 0.004) were independent predictors of success. Adverse drug reactions occurred in 220 patients (54.19%), mostly gastrointestinal (21.18%) and neuropathy (12.81%), but only 3.45% required permanent drug withdrawal. Conclusion: Integrating pharmacological monitoring and pharmaceutical chemistry insights enhances regimen optimization and improves MDR-TB treatment outcomes.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chemical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: MDR-TB
  topic: keywords
subject: pharmacology
  topic: keywords
subject: pharmaceutical chemistry
  topic: keywords
subject: drug combinations
  topic: keywords
subject: therapeutic drug monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: treatment outcomes
  topic: keywords
creator: Iffat Ullah
creator: Abdul Rauf
creator: Pooja Chapagai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iffat Ullah, Abdul Rauf , Pooja Chapagai (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 24
ending page: 31
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.157

The Environmental Paradox of Nano bioinoculants: Balancing Agricultural Benefits Against Ecosystem Risks
type: item
description: Nanobioinoculants represent a groundbreaking innovation in sustainable agriculture, combining nanotechnology with microbial inoculants to enhance crop productivity, nutrient efficiency, and climate resilience. While these advanced formulations offer transformative benefits such as targeted nutrient delivery, reduced chemical dependency, and improved stress tolerance, their environmental safety remains a critical concern. This paper examines the dualistic nature of nanobioinoculants, balancing their agricultural advantages against potential ecological risks, including nanoparticle toxicity, soil microbiome disruption, and trophic transfer. We analyze current regulatory gaps and propose strategies for sustainable adoption, emphasizing eco-design principles, tiered risk assessment, and integrated policy frameworks. By advocating a Safe-by-Design approach, this work aims to guide responsible innovation, ensuring that nanobioinoculants contribute to food security without compromising ecosystem health.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chemical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Nanobioinoculants
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: nanoparticle ecotoxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: soil microbiome
  topic: keywords
subject: regulatory governance
  topic: keywords
subject: safe-by-Design
  topic: keywords
creator: Burhan Khalid
creator: Zaheer Ud Din
creator: Ankit Saini
creator: Muhammad Ikram
creator: Musrat Shaheen
creator: Muhammad Asaud Islam
creator: Muhammad Atiq Ashraf
creator: Hafiza Zara Saeed
creator: Muhammad Wajid
creator: Muhammad Umer Javed
creator: Talha Riaz
creator: Rizwan Maqbool
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 4
ending page: 13
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.161

Repurposing Prescription Medications for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Clinical Implications, a Narrative Review
type: item
description: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, with prevalence growing alongside life expectancy. The burden of disease on healthcare systems globally is on the rise, as current treatments have failed to mitigate its morbidity, and this remains a dire public health concern. AD is characterized by the hallmarks of β-amyloid plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Clinical diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and a series of testable criteria. Current treatments primarily focus on symptom management, while trials are underway to develop pharmaceuticals that may reduce the production of amyloid plaques and tau proteins. Alternatives include the repurposing of drugs already on market for treatment of other diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, inflammation, depression, epilepsy, and hypercholesterolemia. Due to their approved use in the management of other diseases, already licensed compounds proceed through trials in a faster and more cost-effective manner than un-licensed compounds. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to already-licensed compounds currently on the market that may prove effective in treating Alzheimer’s disease.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chemical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Alzheimer's
  topic: keywords
subject: drug repurposing
  topic: keywords
subject: amyloid plaques
  topic: keywords
subject: tau proteins
  topic: keywords
subject: management
  topic: keywords
subject: therapeutics
  topic: keywords
creator: Natasha Elaine Hastings
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Natasha Elaine Hastings (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 14
ending page: 23
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.182

Penile Thread Tourniquet Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Age-Related Variability
type: item
description: Penile Thread Tourniquet Syndrome (PTTS), a rare variant of Penile Tourniquet Syndrome (PTS), is a paediatric urological emergency characterized by external constriction of penis by hair or thread, often leading to necrosis, ischemia, and oedema. A urethro-cutaneous fistula, urethral transection, and penile amputation are possible outcomes of this disorder if left untreated. Though commonly reported in infants, this case details a rare occurrence in a 10-year-old male. A circumferential thread at the penoscrotal junction caused localized infection and oedema without urethral damage. Surgical intervention and conservative management resulted in a favourable outcome. This case emphasizes the need for clinical vigilance in atypical age groups and for rare causes of penile injury.
subject: Case Reports
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chemical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Penile Tourniquet Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Penile injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Thread strangulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Sadaqat Ullah Rehmat
creator: Jawad Khan
creator: Attia Mahmood
creator: Asifa Irfan
creator: Aisha Habib Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Sadaqat Ullah, Dr. Jawad Khan, Dr. Attia Mahmood, Dr. Asifa Irfan, Dr. Aisha Habib (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.154

Early Diagnostic Utility of Genexpert for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
type: item
description: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating accurate and rapid diagnostic methods to improve early detection and treatment outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay compared with sputum smear microscopy in suspected pulmonary TB patients. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted over a period of six months (January to June 2024) at THQ Hospital Jand, District Attock. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 patients with suspected pulmonary TB. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, and all participants underwent sputum smear microscopy and GeneXpert MTB/RIF testing. Smear microscopy was used as the reference standard to evaluate diagnostic performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and accuracy. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Relationships between continuous variables were ascertained using the Pearson correlation coefficient. P-values less than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 36.40 ± 17.12 years, with 74 (49.33%) males and 76 (50.67%) females. Most patients resided in rural areas (111; 74.0%) and were married (107; 71.33%), with farmers constituting the largest occupational group (94; 62.67%). Common symptoms included fatigue (140; 93.33%), chest pain (139; 92.67%), unintentional weight loss (137; 91.33%), and coughing up mucus or blood (117; 78.0%). GeneXpert detected TB in 123 (82.0%) patients compared to 85 (56.67%) by smear microscopy. Among smear-negative patients, GeneXpert identified 43 additional cases. The assay showed moderate diagnostic performance with strong agreement with smear microscopy. Conclusion: GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay offers a rapid and more sensitive alternative to smear microscopy, particularly beneficial for detecting smear-negative TB cases, thereby improving case detection in h…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chemical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
subject: TB
  topic: keywords
subject: diagnostic accuracy
  topic: keywords
subject: rifampicin resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: smear microscopy
  topic: keywords
subject: GeneXpert MTB/RIF
  topic: keywords
creator: Usman Aslam
creator: Muhammad Shams ul Haq
creator: Muhammad Yousuf
creator: Aleena Batool
creator: Usman Ali
creator: Komal Zaman
creator: Syed Muhammad Asif Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Usman Aslam, Dr. Muhammad Shams ul Haq, Dr. Muhammad Yousuf, Dr. Aleena Batool, Dr. Usman Ali, Dr. Komal Zaman, Dr. Syed Muhammad Asif Shah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 82
ending page: 87
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.158

Clinical Outcomes of CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Gene Editing in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Biotechnology-Based Therapeutic Approach
type: item
description: Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a severe monogenic disorder with limited curative options beyond allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing in patients with SCD undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methodology: This prospective, single-arm, open-label interventional clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Hematology and Clinical Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, in collaboration with the National Institute for Genomics & Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), a division of the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, from April 2022 to March 2024. A total of 42 patients aged 12–40 years with homozygous SCD underwent autologous transplantation following CRISPR-Cas9 mediated editing of either the HBB gene or BCL11A erythroid enhancer. Clinical, hematologic, molecular, and immunologic outcomes were assessed at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Data analysis included paired t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The mean editing efficiency was 62.35% ± 9.42%. Hemoglobin levels improved from 7.42 ± 1.12 g/dL at baseline to 11.23 ± 1.07 g/dL at 24 months (p < 0.001), and reticulocyte counts decreased from 10.18 ± 2.45% to 3.94 ± 1.19% (p < 0.001). At 24 months, 92.31% achieved transfusion independence, 84.62% had a ≥90% reduction in vaso-occlusive crises, and 76.92% entered clinical remission. HbF levels >20% were maintained in 87.18% of patients, and sustained gene expression was observed in 94.87%. Multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution was confirmed via flow cytometry. No serious adverse events or deaths occurred during follow-up. Conclusion: CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing shows high efficacy, safety, and potential as a transformative therapy for SCD.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: CRISPR-Cas9
  topic: keywords
subject: sickle cell disease
  topic: keywords
subject: gene editing
  topic: keywords
subject: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
  topic: keywords
subject: fetal hemoglobin
  topic: keywords
subject: vaso-occlusive crises
  topic: keywords
subject: gene therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Hashim Raza
creator: Mahwish Riaz
creator: Umm E Habiba
creator: Zahid Mehboob
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zahid Mehboob, Muhammad Hashim Raza, Mahwish Riaz, Umm E Habiba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 15
ending page: 21
doi: 10.62497/IRABCS.126

Assessing the Role of MC4R Gene Variants and Dietary Habits in the Development of Obesity among Adolescents
type: item
description: Introduction: Obesity among adolescents is a growing public health concern, influenced by both genetic predispositions and modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet. Objective: To assess the association between MC4R gene variants and dietary habits in the development of obesity among adolescents in Pakistan. Hypothesis: This study hypothesizes that the C allele of MC4R rs17782313 and unhealthy dietary habits may interact to increase the risk of obesity among adolescents. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to October 2024 at Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, including 260 adolescents aged 12–18 years. Convenience sampling was employed. Anthropometric data were collected, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated using WHO growth reference standards. Dietary patterns were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The FFQ was pilot tested and adapted to the local population. Trained personnel collected anthropometric measurements using standardized protocols to minimize inter-observer variability. Saliva samples were genotyped for MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism using PCR-based methods at the Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, Lahore. Laboratory staff were blinded to participants’ obesity status. Genotyping call rates were 98.8%, and the genotype distribution was tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.47). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: Of the 260 participants, 18.46% (n = 48) were obese and 21.54% (n = 56) were overweight. Genotypic distribution revealed 56.92% (n = 148) with TT, 30.00% (n = 78) with TC, and 13.08% (n = 34) with CC genotype. Obesity was present in 12.16% of TT, 25.64% of TC, and 29.41% of CC genotypes (p = 0.004). High fast food consumption (≥3 times/week) and daily intake of sugar-sweetened beverages were significantly associated with obesity (p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for socioeconomic status, sleep duration…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chemical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: MC4R gene
  topic: keywords
subject: obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: adolescents
  topic: keywords
subject: dietary habits
  topic: keywords
subject: gene-diet interaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmad Faraz
creator: Muhammad Saqib Khan
creator: Tipu Sultan Haider
creator: Hafsa Khalil
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Faraz, Muhammad Saqib Khan, Tipu Sultan Haider, Hafsa Khalil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 59
ending page: 65
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.134

Luspatercept (REBLOZYL): A Game-Changer in Reducing Transfusion Burden for β-Thalassemia Patients
type: item
description: β-thalassemia is an inherited hemoglobinopathy with faulty β-globin chain production, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis and transfusion dependence in severe forms. Transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) has been linked to iron overload, decreased quality of life, and long-term consequences despite supportive care such as iron chelation. Luspatercept, a recombinant fusion protein that acts on the TGF-β superfamily signaling pathway, has appeared as a new therapeutic intervention to decrease the transfusion burden by inducing late-stage erythroid maturation. Clinical trials, such as Phase I to III trials and the BELIEVE trial, have confirmed that luspatercept effectively reduces the transfusion burden and enhances health-related quality of life in TDT patients. Nevertheless, possible side effects like bone pain, thromboembolic events, and extramedullary hematopoiesis should be taken into account carefully. The therapy is also contraindicated among patients who have active EMH masses, and its safety during pregnancy has yet to be confirmed. Luspatercept also has the potential to treat other blood disorders such as MDS-RS. This Informative Letter emphasizes the changing role of luspatercept as a disease-modifying therapy in the management of β-thalassemia.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: β-thalassemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Myelodysplastic syndromes
  topic: keywords
subject: Iron overload
  topic: keywords
subject: Erythropoiesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Transfusion-dependent anemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Luspatercept
  topic: keywords
creator: Aman Advani
creator: Saad Ahmed Mughal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aman Advani, Saad Ahmed Mughal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 80
ending page: 81
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.150

Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association with Obesity Among Urban School-Aged Children in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
type: item
description: Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency and childhood obesity are growing public health concerns, particularly in urban populations where reduced sun exposure and sedentary lifestyles are common. Objective: To find out whether there is a link between low vitamin D levels and a higher risk of obesity in school-aged children in Islamabad. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, in collaboration with the Department of Bio-Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, over one year (April 2023–March 2024). A total of 186 children aged 6 to 12 years, residing in urban areas, were enrolled using a convenience sampling technique. Anthropometric measurements were recorded to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI), and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were assessed using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as <20 ng/mL, and obesity was classified using WHO BMI percentiles. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with chi-square and logistic regression tests applied. Results: Out of the 186 kids, 112 (60.22%) didn't get enough vitamin D, and 58 (31.18%) were considered fat. There was a strong link between not getting enough vitamin D and being overweight (p = 0.004). Out of the people who didn't get enough vitamin D, 45 (40.18%) were fat. In the group that did get enough vitamin D, just 13 (17.57%) were obese. After controlling for age, gender, socioeconomic level, and physical activity, logistic regression analysis showed that vitamin D insufficiency was an independent predictor of obesity (AOR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.48–5.71; p = 0.002). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with increased obesity risk among urban school-aged children and may be a modifiable factor in pediatric obesity prevention strategies.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Vitamin D deficiency, childhood obesity, urban children, BMI, Pakistan, risk factors
  topic: keywords
creator: Ghassan Zahid
creator: NaqeebUllah Jogezai
creator: Syed Hassan Ali Shah
creator: Rabbia Allahrakha
creator: Muhammad Kamran
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ghassan Zahid, NaqeebUllah Jogezai, Syed Hassan Ali Shah, Rabbia Allahrakha, Muhammad Kamran (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 66
ending page: 71
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.147

Effectiveness and Safety of Management Strategies for Cardiac Arrhythmias in Pregnancy: A Prospective Observational Study
type: item
description: Background: Cardiac arrhythmias during pregnancy pose significant risks to both maternal and fetal health, necessitating careful diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Objective: To prospectively evaluate the management strategies and clinical outcomes of cardiac arrhythmias in pregnant women, focusing on the safety, effectiveness, and maternal-fetal implications of both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, from July 2023 to June 2024. A total of 228 pregnant women diagnosed with cardiac arrhythmias were enrolled based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data were collected on demographics, arrhythmia type, diagnostic findings, management approaches, and maternal and fetal outcomes. Statistical analysis included Chi-square and t-tests with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Among the 228 participants, the most common arrhythmia was supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) (39.04%), followed by premature atrial contractions (18.42%) and premature ventricular contractions (15.35%). Pharmacologic management was used in 165 patients (72.37%), with beta-blockers being the most common (44.74%). Non-pharmacologic methods were used in 63 women (27.63%), including vagal maneuvers (17.98%) and electrical cardioversion (5.70%). Complete arrhythmia control was achieved in 174 women (76.32%), while 42 (18.42%) had moderate control, and 12 (5.26%) had recurrent episodes. Maternal complications included syncope (7.02%) and heart failure (3.95%). Fetal outcomes showed normal birth weight in 183 neonates (80.26%) and term delivery in 169 cases (74.12%). Two fetal deaths (0.88%) were reported. Conclusion: Arrhythmias in pregnancy can be effectively managed with a tailored, multidisciplinary approach, resulting in favorable maternal and fetal outcomes.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Cardiac arrhythmia, pregnancy, supraventricular tachycardia, fetal outcomes, beta-blockers, prospective study.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sajid Mumtaz
creator: Taimoor Jawad
creator: Arsalan Nadeem Qureshi
creator: Muhammad Uzair
creator: Muhammad Aqib
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sajid Mumtaz, Taimoor Jawad, Arsalan Nadeem Qureshi, Muhammad Uzair, Muhammad Aqib (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 72
ending page: 79
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.146

Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetics Using Metformin vs. Combination Therapy
type: item
description: Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health concern worldwide. While metformin is the first-line therapy, many patients require additional oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) to achieve glycemic targets. Objective: To determine which is better at controlling blood sugar and lowering the risk of heart disease in people with type 2 diabetes: metformin monotherapy or combination treatment. Materials and Methods: The descriptive, cross-sectional research was conducted at the Department of Endocrinology at Jinnah Hospital in Lahore between February 2023 and January 2024. A total of 132 T2DM patients were enrolled using convenience sampling and divided into two groups: Group A (metformin only; n=62) and Group B (metformin plus OADs; n=70). Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, blood pressure, and lipid profile were assessed. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare means between groups, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Group B patients had far better blood sugar management than Group A patients. Their fasting blood sugar levels were 134.6 mg/dL compared to 144.2 mg/dL (p = 0.047), and their mean HbA1c levels were 7.36% compared to 7.94% (p = 0.002). Group B included 36 patients (51.43%) who were able to regulate their blood sugar levels (HbA1c <7%), whereas Group A had 18 patients (29.03%) who were able to do the same. In Group A, 39 patients (62.90%) and in Group B, 34 patients (48.57%) had dyslipidemia. There were 28 patients (45.16%) with high blood pressure in Group A and 29 patients (41.43%) in Group B. Conclusion: Combination therapy with metformin and other OADs was associated with better glycemic control compared to metformin monotherapy. However, no significant reduction in cardiovascular risk factors was observed. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore long-term outcomes and safety, including hypoglycemia risk.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chemical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
subject: metformin
  topic: keywords
subject: combination therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: glycemic control
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiovascular risk
  topic: keywords
subject: HbA1c
  topic: keywords
creator: Sehrish Jabeen
creator: Anam
creator: Fatima Abass
creator: Syeda Aisha
creator: Saba Khalid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sehrish Jabeen, Anam, Fatima Abass, Syeda Aisha Aisha, Saba Khalid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 52
ending page: 58
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.141

Assessment of Nigella sativa (Black Seed) Supplementation in Improving Asthma Control among Adolescents
type: item
description: Introduction: Asthma in adolescents presents unique challenges due to developmental, behavioral, and environmental factors. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Nigella sativa (black seed) supplementation in improving asthma control among adolescents. Methodology: This randomized controlled trial was conducted from September 2023 to August 2024 at the International Islamic University, Islamabad, in collaboration with the Department of Pulmonology at Shifa International Hospitals, Islamabad. A total of 96 adolescents aged 12–18 years with partially controlled or uncontrolled asthma were enrolled. Participants were divided into two equal groups (n = 48 each). The intervention group received 500 mg Nigella sativa capsules twice daily for 12 weeks alongside standard asthma therapy, while the control group continued standard therapy alone. Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV₁) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores, adherence, and adverse events were measured. Allocation concealment was maintained using sealed opaque envelopes. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: At baseline, both groups were comparable in age, gender, asthma duration, ACT scores, FEV₁, and FVC (p > 0.05). By Week 12, the Nigella sativa group showed a significant improvement in ACT scores from 16.3 ± 2.9 to 22.5 ± 2.2, compared to 16.5 ± 3.1 to 18.1 ± 3.0 in controls (mean difference: 4.4; 95% CI: 3.14–5.63; p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 1.58). Similarly, FEV₁ increased from 71.85 ± 9.4% to 82.19 ± 8.1% in the intervention group versus 72.43 ± 8.7% to 74.02 ± 8.5% in controls (95% CI: 5.78–11.49; p < 0.001; d = 1.00). FVC also improved, rising from 78.26 ± 7.6% to 86.43 ± 6.9% in the Nigella group, versus 77.91 ± 7.9% to 79.16 ± 7.2% in controls (Δ = 7.27%; 95% CI: 5.27–9.48; p < 0.001; d = 1.08). Adherence was high (91.67%), and adverse effects were minimal and mild (6.25% gastrointestinal discomfort, 2.08% heada…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chemical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Nigella sativa
  topic: keywords
subject: asthma
  topic: keywords
subject: adolescents
  topic: keywords
subject: ACT score
  topic: keywords
subject: spirometry
  topic: keywords
subject: complementary therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Syeda Rishal Areej
creator: Muhammad Shafiq Khan
creator: Muhammad Ghazanfar Javed Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Syeda Rishal Areej, Muhammad Shafiq Khan, Muhammad Ghazanfar Javed Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 46
ending page: 51
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.138

Efficacy of Ivy Leaf Extract Syrup in Managing Bronchial Asthma Among Children: A Prospective Observational Study
type: item
description: Background: Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disorder in children, and there is growing interest in exploring herbal therapies such as ivy leaf extract for symptom relief. Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of dry extract of ivy leaves in children aged 7 to 12 years diagnosed with mild to moderate bronchial asthma. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Pakistan Institute of Medical Science (PIMS), Islamabad, in collaboration with the International Islamic University, Islamabad, from August 2023 to July 2024. A total of 120 children with clinically stable bronchial asthma were enrolled using convenience sampling. All participants received a standardized dry ivy leaf extract syrup at a total daily dose of 105 mg, administered in age-appropriate doses for four weeks. Asthma symptoms were assessed using a standardized pediatric asthma control scoring tool at baseline and post-treatment. Adverse effects were monitored using structured checklists and open-ended questionnaires completed by caregivers. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, with paired t-tests to assess symptom changes. Results: The mean weekly frequency of daytime symptoms decreased from 4.58 ± 1.42 to 2.01 ± 1.18 (p<0.001), nocturnal awakenings reduced from 2.77 ± 1.11 to 1.05 ± 0.84 (p<0.001), and limitation in physical activity improved from 3.20 ± 1.03 to 1.35 ± 0.76 (p<0.001). Full compliance was observed in 108 (90.00%) patients. Adverse effects were minimal, with 84.17% reporting no issues. Conclusion: Dry ivy leaf extract appears to be an effective and well-tolerated adjunct treatment for symptom relief in pediatric bronchial asthma.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Bronchial asthma
  topic: keywords
subject: ivy leaf extract
  topic: keywords
subject: children
  topic: keywords
subject: herbal therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: asthma control
  topic: keywords
subject: pediatric respiratory care
  topic: keywords
creator: Ana Maqbool
creator: Muhammad Zakryya Khan
creator: Sania Begum
creator: Asia Kiran
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Maqbool , Muhammad Zakryya Khan, Sania Begum, Asia Kiran (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 41
ending page: 45
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.132

In vitro Assessment of the Antiviral Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Dengue Virus Serotype 2 (DENV-2)
type: item
description: Background: Dengue virus infection remains a significant global health challenge with limited antiviral treatment options. Objective: To evaluate the antiviral potential of selected medicinal plant extracts against dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) through phytochemical screening and in vitro assays. Methodology: This descriptive, in vitro experimental study was conducted over one year (August 2023–July 2024) at the University of Poonch Rawalakot. Ten medicinal plants traditionally used for febrile and viral illnesses in Pakistan were selected and authenticated. Plant extracts were prepared using methanol, ethanol, and aqueous solvents and screened for key phytochemicals including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. Cytotoxicity on Vero cells was assessed by MTT assay to determine CC₅₀ values. Non-toxic concentrations of extracts were evaluated for antiviral activity against DENV-2 using Plaque Reduction or Virus Yield Reduction Assays. IC₅₀ and Selectivity Index (SI) were calculated. Experiments were conducted in triplicate, and data analyzed using ANOVA with significance at p < 0.05. Results: All plants contained various bioactive compounds; Curcuma longa showed the richest phytochemical profile. Curcuma longa exhibited the highest safety (CC₅₀ = 455 µg/mL) and antiviral efficacy (IC₅₀ = 38.20 µg/mL) with an SI of 11.91 and 82.34% viral inhibition. Andrographis paniculata, Azadirachta indica, Nigella sativa, and Phyllanthus niruri also demonstrated significant antiviral activity with SI values above 6. Dose-dependent viral inhibition was confirmed for these top five extracts. Conclusion: Selected medicinal plants, particularly Curcuma longa, show promising antiviral activity against DENV-2 and merit further investigation for therapeutic development.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Dengue virus
  topic: keywords
subject: medicinal plants
  topic: keywords
subject: antiviral activity
  topic: keywords
subject: phytochemicals
  topic: keywords
subject: Curcuma long
  topic: keywords
subject: in vitro assay
  topic: keywords
creator: Atta Rahman
creator: Syed Anis Ali Jafri
creator: Nasir Anwar
creator: Syeda Okasha Javed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Atta ur Rehman, Dr.Syed Anis Ali Jafri, Nasir Anwar , Syeda Okasha Javed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 35
ending page: 40
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.131

Comparative Study of Oral versus Intravenous Iron Therapy in the Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia
type: item
description: Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common hematological disorder with significant health implications, especially in low-resource settings. It affects physical performance, cognition, and overall quality of life. Objective: To compare the hematologic response, iron store repletion, symptom improvement, and adverse effects of oral versus intravenous iron therapy in patients with IDA. Methodology: From 10 March 2023 to 10 March 2024, a 12-month comparative A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Lady Reading Hospital's Department of Medicine in Peshawar. Two groups of 136 patients with proven IDA were randomly assigned to receive oral ferrous sulfate (Group A) and intravenous iron sucrose (Group B). Over the course of eight weeks, hematologic and biochemical markers, symptom improvement, and side effects were evaluated. SPSS version 25 was employed to examine the information using chi-square and t-tests. Results: At 8 weeks, Group B showed a significantly higher increase in hemoglobin(12.4 ± 1.2 g/dL) than Group A (10.7 ± 1.3 g/dL) (p < 0.001). Ferritin and transferrin saturation were also higher in Group B (110.6 ± 18.4 ng/mL, 34.5 ± 6.2%) than in Group A (29.8 ± 9.2 ng/mL, 18.7 ± 4.5%) (p < 0.001). Fatigue improved in 86.8% vs. 57.4%, pallor in 80.9% vs. 48.5%, and dyspnea in 77.9% vs. 44.1%. GI side effects like nausea (30.9% vs. 5.9%) were more common in the oral group. Conclusion: Intravenous iron therapy is more effective and better tolerated than oral iron for the treatment of IDA, offering faster hematologic recovery and greater symptom improvement.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Iron deficiency anemia
  topic: keywords
subject: IDA
  topic: keywords
subject: iron
  topic: keywords
subject: intravenous iron
  topic: keywords
subject: oral iron
  topic: keywords
subject: hemoglobin
  topic: keywords
subject: ferritin
  topic: keywords
subject: treatment comparison
  topic: keywords
creator: Saifullah Chan
creator: Usman Khalil
creator: Hamdan Khan
creator: Fakhar Zaman
creator: Sheharyar Khalid Rahim
creator: Abdul Samad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Saifullah Chan, Dr. Usman Khalil, Hamdan Khan, Dr. Fakhar Zaman, Sheharyar Khalid Rahim, Dr. Abdul Samad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 29
ending page: 34
doi: 10.62497/irabcs.125

Prevalence and Clinical Implications of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Among Pakistani Women
type: item
description: Background: Major causes of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers are mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, especially affecting cancer type, onset, and prognosis. Objective: To investigate the frequency and clinical correlations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among breast and ovarian cancer patients, as well as individuals with strong family histories, in a Pakistani population. Methodology: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology at the University of Sialkot. Using a practical sampling technique, 168 female participants—including those with a substantial family history and diagnosed breast and ovarian cancer sufferers—were gathered. Blood or tissue samples were first stripped of DNA, then subjected to PCR and sequencing to identify BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze data; significance was defined at p <0.05. Results: Among breast cancer patients, 17.65% had BRCA1 and 11.76% had BRCA2 mutations. In ovarian cancer patients (n=43), 25.58% had BRCA1 and 18.60% had BRCA2 mutations. BRCA1 mutations were more frequent in younger age groups (25.00% in 18–30 years), and were significantly associated with triple-negative tumors (53.13%). BRCA2 mutations were more often found in hormone receptor-positive tumors (50.00%). A strong family history of breast cancer was observed in over 60% of BRCA mutation carriers. Conclusion: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are prevalent in Pakistani breast and ovarian cancer patients and are closely linked to age at diagnosis, tumor subtype, and family history.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: BRCA1
  topic: keywords
subject: BRCA2
  topic: keywords
subject: breast cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: ovarian cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: genetic mutations
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: tumor subtypes
  topic: keywords
subject: hereditary cancer
  topic: keywords
creator: Tahrim Zafar
creator: Zeeshan Asghar
creator: Urooj Liaqat
creator: Saira Zafar
creator: Areeba Khan
creator: Muqadas Naseer
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tahrim Zafar, Zeeshan Asghar , Urooj Liaqat , Saira Zafar, Areeba Khan, Muqadas Naseer (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.62497/IRABCS.83

Assessing the Efficacy of Plant-Based Diets in Managing Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Health
type: item
description: Background: The purpose of this research was to evaluate how well plant-based diets may improve cardiovascular health and manage Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A 12-month randomized controlled experiment with 156 T2DM subjects was carried out at KTH Peshawar. A control group (n=78) and a plant-based diet group (n=78) were randomly allocated to the participants. Changes in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were among the primary outcomes. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. Chi-square and t-tests were used in the statistical analysis. Results: In comparison to the control group, the plant-based diet group demonstrated significant reductions in LDL cholesterol “(-19.2 mg/dL vs. -5.4 mg/dL; p<0.01), fasting blood glucose (-22.7 mg/dL vs. -10.3 mg/dL; p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (-11.5 mmHg vs. -5.3 mmHg; p<0.01), diastolic blood pressure (-7.8 mmHg vs. -2.7 mmHg; p<0.01), LDL cholesterol (-19.2 mg/dL vs. -5.4 mg/dL; p<0.01), and CRP (-1.4 mg/L vs. -0.4 mg/L; p<0.01)” were all significantly lower in the plant-based diet group. The plant-based group had a substantial rise in HDL cholesterol (+6.5 mg/dL vs. +2.3 mg/dL; p<0.01). In the categories of vitality, general health, and physical functioning, the plant-based group's quality of life ratings increased considerably (p<0.05). Conclusion: For those with type 2 diabetes, plant-based diets considerably enhance glycemic management, cardiovascular health indicators, inflammatory markers, and quality of life. These results provide credence to the use of plant-based dietary approaches in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Plant-Based Diet, Cardiovascular Health, Glycemic Control, Randomized Controlled Trial, Inflammatory Markers, Quality of Life
  topic: keywords
creator: Afiyat Ahmad
creator: Saeed Anwar
creator: Usama Altaf
creator: Syeda Maimoona Batool
creator: Muhammad Abubakar
creator: Tariq Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Afiyat Ahmad, Saeed Anwar, Usama Altaf, Syeda Maimoona Batool, Muhammad Abubakar, Tariq Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 248
ending page: 253
doi: 10.62497/IRABCS.2024.66

Comparative Study of Proton Pump Inhibitors versus H2 Blockers in Peptic Ulcer Disease Management
type: item
description: Introduction: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is one of the common GI disorders where the disorder requires good acid suppression to mitigate the symptoms and heal the mucosa. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) are known, broadly used treatments, and their preferable clinical performances need additional research. Objective: In order to compare the efficacy of PPIs and H2RAs in the treatment of PUD with respect to symptom relief, ulcer healing, and prevention. Methodology: This comparative study was carried out at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar and a 12-month period was taken in this study. Out of a total of 210 patients with endoscopically confirmed PUD, patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the large control group designated (A) PPIs (n=105) and the other large group designated (B) H2RAs (n=105). Demographics, type of ulcer, presence of Helicobacter pylori, symptom scores (GSRS), healed outcomes, and recurrence were data collected. The statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 26, and chi-square and t-tests were used. The value p < 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. Results: There were no differences in baseline characteristics between groups (p > 0.05). At 6 weeks, the percentage of patients with reports of symptom relief was much greater in the PPI group (mean GSRS reduction: 9.6 vs. 7.2; p < 0.001). PPIs had a higher proportion of ulcer healing (89.5% vs. 72.4%; p = 0.002). The rate of recurrence at 3 months was lower in the PPI group (4.8% vs. 16.2%; p = 0.006). Adverse effects were minimal and comparable in the study groups. Conclusion: PPIs are much more effective than H2RAs in the treatment of PUD, providing improved symptom control, greater rates of healing, and reduced recurrence.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chemical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Peptic ulcer disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Proton pump inhibitors
  topic: keywords
subject: H 2 receptor antagonists
  topic: keywords
subject: H. pylori
  topic: keywords
subject: Ulcer healing
  topic: keywords
subject: Symptom relief
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Salman
creator: Rida Ahmed
creator: Urooba Misbah
creator: Shoaib Ahmad
creator: Anam Qazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Urooba Misbah, Hafiz Dr Shoaib Ahmad , Muhammad Salman, Rida Ahmed , Anam Qazi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 22
ending page: 28
doi: 10.62497/IRABCS.130

Smart Farming Technologies: AI-Driven Crop Monitoring and Precision Agronomy
type: item
description: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into agriculture marks a significant advancement in addressing the global challenges of food security, resource efficiency, and climate resilience. This narrative review explores the role of AI-driven technologies in crop monitoring and precision agronomy, focusing on their applications, benefits, and challenges. AI-powered systems, such as machine learning models and computer vision algorithms, are increasingly used to analyze data from remote sensing, drones, and IoT-based soil sensors for early detection of crop stress, disease, and environmental fluctuations. These insights enable site-specific interventions and real-time decision-making, contributing to higher yields and more sustainable resource use. The review highlights case studies from both developed and developing regions, illustrating the practical impact of AI platforms in optimizing sowing dates, irrigation, fertilization, and pest control. Despite their transformative potential, challenges persist, including limited data quality, high infrastructure costs, low technological literacy among farmers, and concerns about data ownership and privacy. Furthermore, the environmental footprint of digital agriculture and issues of interoperability remain pressing concerns. Future directions emphasize the development of advanced AI models, autonomous machinery, and the integration of genomics and AI for accelerated crop improvement. Equally important are supportive policy frameworks and inclusive digital strategies to ensure equitable access to smart farming technologies. Overall, AI stands as a pivotal tool for reshaping agriculture into a more intelligent, sustainable, and resilient system.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chemical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Precision Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: AI
  topic: keywords
subject: Crop Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote Sensing
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learning Applications
  topic: keywords
subject: Farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Smart Farming
  topic: keywords
subject: IoT Technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Agricultural Machinery
  topic: keywords
subject: Agronomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate-Smart Agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: Rafia Naheed
creator: Abdul Momin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 6
ending page: 14
doi: 10.62497/IRABCS.129

Gastrointestinal Efficacy of Omeprazole in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
type: item
description: Introduction: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) poses a significant global health burden, necessitating effective treatment strategies. Proton pump inhibitors, particularly omeprazole, are commonly prescribed for GERD management. However, comprehensive investigations into the gastrointestinal efficacy of omeprazole, considering symptom duration, frequency, severity, and quality of life improvements, are warranted. Methodology: This randomized controlled trial aimed to systematically investigate the gastrointestinal efficacy of omeprazole in individuals diagnosed with GERD. Following CONSORT guidelines, the study enrolled 180 adult participants to evaluate how omeprazole influenced the duration, frequency, and severity of symptoms, along with its impact on health-related quality of life. Adults aged 25 to 65 with GERD were randomly assigned to either the omeprazole intervention or control group. The intervention group received a standardized daily dose of 20 mg oral omeprazole over a four-week period. Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, BMI, smoking status, comorbidities, and dietary habits, were thoroughly examined. Continuous monitoring of daily vital signs and adverse events was implemented to ensure safety and tolerability. Results: The study revealed a significantly shorter mean duration of GERD symptoms in the omeprazole group (5.2 ± 1.3 days) compared to the control group (7.8 ± 1.5 days), emphasizing the rapid relief provided by omeprazole (p < 0.001). Efficacy analysis demonstrated a remarkable reduction in symptom frequency (92% vs. 65%, p < 0.001) and severity (p < 0.001) in the omeprazole group. Health-related quality of life significantly improved in the omeprazole group, as reflected in the GERD-QOL scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This trial provides robust evidence supporting the gastrointestinal efficacy of omeprazole in managing GERD symptoms. The rapid relief, significant reductions in symptom frequency and severity, and improvemen…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: gastroesophageal reflux disease
  topic: keywords
subject: GERD
  topic: keywords
subject: omeprazole
  topic: keywords
subject: proton pump inhibitors
  topic: keywords
subject: gastrointestinal efficacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Afnan
creator: Palwasha Akbar
creator: Muhammad Muttahir
creator: Hamza Ali Shah
creator: Adil Saeed
creator: Alsa Rustum
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Muhammad Afnan, Dr. Palwasha Akbar, Dr. Muhammad Muttahir, Dr. Hamza Ali Shah, Dr. Adil Saeed, Dr. Alsa Rustum (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 233
ending page: 241
doi: 10.62497/IRABCS.2024.53

Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Heart Failure Outcomes in Vitamin D Deficient Patients
type: item
description: Background: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with emerging evidence suggesting a link between vitamin D deficiency and adverse heart failure outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on heart failure outcomes in vitamin D-deficient patients and explore the broader public health implications of these findings. Methodology: The observational cohort study was conducted over a one-year period from January 2023 to December 2023, involving 220 adults aged 40 years and older with diagnosed heart failure and confirmed vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/mL). Over the course of a year, participants were randomized to receive either a placebo or 2000 IU of vitamin D3 daily. At baseline, three, six, and twelve months, information was gathered on hospitalizations, heart failure status, serum vitamin D levels, demographics, and quality of life. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square tests were among the statistical analyses. Results: The vitamin D group experienced a considerable rise in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, which went from 17.37 ± 3.62 ng/mL to 35.18 ± 7.13 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Compared to 8 out of 110 patients (7.27%) in the placebo group, 25 out of 110 patients (22.73%) in the vitamin D group achieved Class I status, indicating an improvement in NYHA Class (p = 0.013). At 12 months, the vitamin D group's hospitalization rate dropped to 3 out of 110 patients (2.73%) from 10 out of 110 patients (9.09%) in the placebo group (p = 0.028). By the 12-month mark, the vitamin D group's quality of life scores had significantly improved to 75.68 ± 8.93, whereas the placebo group's scores were much lower at 56.52 ± 10.54. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation has the potential to be used as an adjuvant therapy in the management of heart failure since it dramatically improves clinical outcomes in individuals with vitamin D-deficient heart failure.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: heart failure, vitamin D, supplementation, clinical outcomes, quality of life.
  topic: keywords
creator: Awais Ahmed Uttra
creator: Hafiz Muhammad Abdullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Awais Ahmed Uttra, Hafiz Muhammad Abdullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 266
ending page: 271
doi: 10.62497/IRABCS.2024.80

Prevalence and Risk Factors of ENT Symptoms in Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
type: item
description: Background: Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) symptoms are less well-documented but are vital for diagnosis and treatment of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), which affects organs outside the lungs. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the various ENT symptoms of TB in patients undergoing treatment at a tertiary care hospital's outpatient department (OPD). Methodology: In this cross-sectional research, which took place at Hazara University, KPK, between August 2020 and January 2021, 124 patients with ENT-related EPTB were included. Complete ENT histories, physical exams, and a range of diagnostic tests, such as biopsies, endoscopies, and chest X-rays, were performed on the participants. SPSS version 25 was utilized to analyze the data, and the chi-square test was used to look into any relationships between risk variables like smoking. Determining statistical significance required a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: Among the 124 patients with EPTB, the most prevalent ENT symptom was neck swelling, affecting 31 patients (25.00%). This was followed by laryngitis in 28 patients (22.58%) and pharyngitis in 25 patients (20.16%). Chronic sinusitis was observed in 22 patients (17.74%), while voice changes and otitis media were noted in 19 patients (15.32%) and 18 patients (14.52%), respectively. Hemoptysis was present in 15 patients (12.10%). The prevalence of these symptoms was notably higher in patients with symptoms lasting 6-12 months. Additionally, smoking was significantly associated with increased rates of laryngitis (p = 0.033) and hemoptysis (p = 0.039). Conclusion: The research demonstrates that common ENT symptoms in EPTB include neck edema, laryngitis, and pharyngitis, with symptom duration and smoking status having a major impact on their incidence.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis, ENT Symptoms, Neck Swelling, Laryngitis, Smoking.
  topic: keywords
creator: Asif Iqbal
creator: Shafiq Rehman
creator: Ihtisham Haq
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asif Iqbal, Shafiq ul Rehman, Ihtisham ul Haq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 242
ending page: 247
doi: 10.62497/IRABCS.2024.79

Assessment of Current Medical Management Approaches for Thyroid Nodules and Cancer in a Tertiary Care Setting
type: item
description: Background: Cancer and thyroid nodules are serious worldwide health issues that need accurate diagnosis and treatment to stop their development. Even with improvements in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches, there are still unanswered questions about the best medical care. Objective: This study aimed to assess current medical treatment approaches for thyroid nodules and cancer, identifying areas for improvement and suggesting interventions to enhance patient outcomes. Methodology: The study's objective was to evaluate medical treatment modalities for thyroid nodules and cancer among hospitalized patients from January to December 2023. 290 patients in all were chosen depending on how often they visited the hospital. Standardized forms were used in the data gathering process to extract clinical and demographic information from databases and records. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis using SPSS 25.0. Results: The research examined 290 individuals with cancer and thyroid nodules, most of them were female (62.07%) and varied in age. Sixty-five percent of the samples showed benign nodules, with papillary thyroid carcinoma being the most common kind (39.31%). The most common treatment (45.86%) was levothyroxine therapy, which was successful in 75.19% of patients. Levothyroxine was shown to be substantially related with favorable outcomes (odds ratio: 2.50) by multivariate logistic regression. Hypothyroidism (9.77%-18.18%) and hyperthyroidism (4.51%-6.06%) were among the side effects. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the crucial role of levothyroxine in achieving positive outcomes and underscores the importance of effectively managing treatment-related complications to improve patient care.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: thyroid nodules
  topic: keywords
subject: thyroid cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: levothyroxine
  topic: keywords
subject: therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: papillary carcinoma
  topic: keywords
subject: thyroid complications
  topic: keywords
subject: diagnosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Asif Iqbal
creator: Zahid Mehboob
creator: Ihtisham Haq
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asif Iqbal, Zahid Mehboob, Ihtisham ul Haq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-25
publication date: 2024-12-25
starting page: 199
ending page: 204
doi: 10.62497/IRABCS.2024.78

Impact of Long-Term Aspirin Use on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Bleeding Risks
type: item
description: Background: The advantages of long-term aspirin usage for preventing cardiovascular disease must be balanced against the danger of bleeding. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of long-term aspirin therapy on cardiovascular disease prevention and to assess the associated risks of bleeding complications. Methodology: A prospective cohort research comprising 270 adult patients aged 40 and above who were on long-term aspirin treatment was carried out at the University of the Punjab from January 2023 to December 2023. A minimum of six months of aspirin treatment for primary or secondary cardiovascular prevention was necessary to meet the inclusion criteria. With an emphasis on cardiovascular outcomes, bleeding problems, and pertinent laboratory indicators, we gathered data via patient interviews, medical record checks, and laboratory testing. Frequency distributions and t-tests were used in statistical studies to contrast aspirin users with non-users. Results: Among the 270 participants, 25 aspirin users (11.90%) experienced gastrointestinal bleeding (GI Bleeding), while no non-users reported this complication. Additionally, 10 aspirin users (4.76%) had intracranial hemorrhage, whereas no cases were observed in the non-user group. Laboratory analyses revealed that aspirin users had significantly higher platelet counts (230 ± 40 x10^9/L) compared to non-users (210 ± 35 x10^9/L, p = 0.01) and longer prothrombin times (14.2 ± 1.5 seconds) compared to non-users (13.5 ± 1.2 seconds, p = 0.03). Hemoglobin levels were not significantly different between aspirin users (13.2 ± 1.8 g/dL) and non-users (13.8 ± 1.9 g/dL, p = 0.12). Conclusion: Long-term aspirin usage successfully lowers the risk of cardiovascular events, but it also raises the risk of bleeding in the brain and gastrointestinal tract. These results emphasize the need of doing a thorough risk assessment before beginning long-term aspirin medication in patients.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Aspirin, cardiovascular disease, bleeding complications, gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage.
  topic: keywords
creator: Asif Iqbal
creator: Awais Ahmed
creator: Shafiq Rehman
creator: Ramzan Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asif Iqbal, Awais Ahmed Uttra, Shafiq ul Rehman, Ramzan Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
starting page: 193
ending page: 198
doi: 10.62497/IRABCS.2024.77

Recent Trends in Improving Resistance against Diseases Using Molecular Genetics and Omics Tools
type: item
description: CHIEF ORGANIZER AND FOCAL PERSON MESSAGE Dear Participants, It is with immense pleasure and excitement that I extend my warmest welcome to you for the upcoming 1st International Conference on Recent Trends in Improving Resistance Against Diseases Using Molecular Genetics and OMICS Tools. As the Chief Organizer and Focal Person, it is truly an honor to host this groundbreaking event at Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan in the picturesque city of Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Our conference aims to bring together a diverse and accomplished group of researchers, scholars, and practitioners who share a common passion for advancing the frontiers of science, particularly in the crucial areas of One Health, Combatting Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Livestock Improvement, and OMICS: The Future. Over the course of two enriching days, we anticipate dynamic discussions and thought-provoking presentations that will not only deepen our understanding of the challenges we face but also inspire innovative solutions. Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, nestled in the heart of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, provides a fitting backdrop for this collaborative exchange of ideas. The themes of the conference are not just topics of conversation; they represent the core issues that demand our attention and collective effort. One Health emphasizes the interconnectedness of various facets of health, underscoring the need for collaborative, interdisciplinary approaches. Combatting Diseases and addressing Antimicrobial Resistance are critical in safeguarding public health globally, and discussions on Livestock Improvement are integral to the sustainability of agricultural systems. OMICS: The Future heralds a new era of scientific exploration and discovery, powered by advanced technologies. I extend my heartfelt gratitude to the organizing committee, esteemed keynote speakers, and all contributors who have worked tirelessly to make this conference a reality. Your commitment to advancing knowle…
subject: Conference Proceedings
  topic: section
creator: Tahir Usman
creator: Rahila Bibi
creator: Syed Ali Raza Shah
creator: Tamanna Gul
creator: Tayyaba Kaleem
creator: Abbas Khan
creator: Muhammad Ali
creator: Farzia
creator: Muhammad Ikram
creator: Tanzeela
creator: Mehboob Alam
creator: Soha Haleem
creator: Sobia Khan
creator: Rainaz Parvez
creator: Sadia Nazir
creator: Salman Khan
creator: Sana Mahmood
creator: Shadab Murad
creator: Shehryar Khan
creator: Sidra Umar
creator: Sitara Andleeb
creator: Kalim Ullah
creator: Khatereh Khorsandi
creator: Abdul Rehman
creator: Faiz Ul Amin
creator: Fazal Jalil
creator: Mustafa Kamal
creator: Abdur Rahman
creator: Kadwal Mohammad Hamid
creator: Asifullah Khan
creator: Muhammad Fiaz Qamar
creator: Khadija Altaf
creator: Arshia Amin
creator: Muhammad Shafee
creator: Irum Khalil
creator: Raham Sher Khan
creator: Ijaz Ul Haq
creator: Inamullah
creator: Tabassum
creator: Hazir Rahman
creator: Qindeel Alam
creator: Saifullah Shinwari
creator: Sehrish Asad
creator: Dr. Waheed Murad
creator: Dr. Natasha Anwar
creator: Shahid Nazeer
creator: Dr. Syed Ishtiaq Anjum
creator: Muhammad Faizan
creator: Muhammad Junaid Yousaf
creator: Jamila Haider
creator: Muqaddas
creator: Mohammad Usman Jan
creator: Uroosa Gulzar
creator: Peer Muhammad Stanikzai
creator: Muhammad Qasim
creator: Naveen Dilawar
creator: Anwar Hussain
creator: Amanullah
creator: Saghir Ahmad
creator: Irfan Khattak
creator: Hafeez Ur Rahman
creator: Nabi Shah
creator: Farhan Anwar Khan
creator: Madeeha Tariq
creator: Sulaiman
creator: Imad Khan
creator: Sadia Rehman
creator: Muhammad Tauqeer
creator: Nahya Malik
creator: Nida Karishma
creator: Nimra Amir
creator: Nimra Gul
creator: Khalil Ur Rahman
creator: Kainat
creator: Mohammad Bayer Darmel
creator: Abdul Sajid
creator: Afshan Elahi

Evaluating the Efficacy of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Reducing Recurrent Stroke in High-Risk Patients
type: item
description: Introduction: Still among the primary causes of illness and death worldwide is stroke. Comparatively to single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT), dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) has been suggested as a successful approach to lower the risk of recurrent strokes in high-risk patients. This study sought to assess whether DAPT would be effective in avoiding recurrent strokes among high-risk patients at Lady Reading Hospital (LRH) in Peshawar. Methodology: Using 92 high-risk stroke patients, 92 were assigned to DAPT (n=46) or SAPT (n=46). Over a follow-up period concluding in August 2024, data on demographic, clinical, stroke recurrence rates, and safety outcomes was gathered. Outcomes were assessed using statistical analyses comprising Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results: With a stroke recurrence rate of 13% instead of 30% in the SAPT group (p=0.026), the DAPT group displayed with p=0.017 the Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a stroke-free survival rate of 87% in the DAPT group against 70% in the SAPT group. The Cox model showed that DAPT reduced the incidence of recurrent stroke by 60% (HR=0.40). The incidence of major bleeding events was low, with 4.3% in the DAPT group and 2.1% in the SAPT group (p=0.53), indicating an acceptable safety profile. Conclusion: This study supports the use of DAPT as a more successful tactic than SAPT for low-risk individuals' recurrent stroke prevention. The results highlight the significance of using DAPT in clinical practice and provide important data for the management of stroke in different populations.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Recurrent stroke, dual antiplatelet therapy, high-risk individuals, single antiplatelet therapy, stroke prevention, randomized controlled trial.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayat Ullah
creator: Muhammad Omair
creator: Nida Fatima Daterdiwala
creator: Sana Saleem
creator: Aqsa Hayat
creator: Tariq Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ayat Ullah, Muhammad Omair, Nida Fatima Daterdiwala , Sana Saleem, Aqsa Hayat , Tariq Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
starting page: 186
ending page: 192
doi: 10.62497/IRABCS.2024.70

Investigating the Role of Genetic Predisposition in Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis
type: item
description: Background: A chronic autoimmune disease called rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is impacted by both environmental and genetic factors. This work explores the impact of genetic predisposition in the development of RA, focusing on the HLA-DRB1 common epitope, PTPN22, and STAT4 gene variations. Objectives: In a cohort from Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), the research sought to evaluate the relationship between important genetic markers and RA susceptibility as well as investigate the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental variables, such as smoking. Methods: 132 RA patients participated in a cross-sectional research that ended in August 2024. To determine the existence of HLA-DRB1, PTPN22, and STAT4 gene variations, genetic analysis was done. The strength of relationships was determined by calculating odds ratios, or ORs. Analysis was also done on the relationship between smoking and the common epitope of HLA-DRB1. At p < 0.05, statistical significance was established. Results: The common epitope between HLA-DRB1 and RA was substantially correlated (OR = 3.45, p < 0.001). While STAT4 did not exhibit a significant correlation with RA (OR = 1.29, p = 0.365), PTPN22 was likewise associated with RA (OR = 2.15, p = 0.009). Compared to non-smokers (OR = 2.18, p = 0.021), smokers with the HLA-DRB1 allele had a significantly higher risk of RA (OR = 5.87, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The main genetic indicators for RA susceptibility are HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22, and smoking greatly increases the risk in those who are genetically susceptible to the condition. These results emphasize the value of lifestyle changes and customized risk assessment in the prevention of RA.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Rheumatoid Arthritis
  topic: keywords
subject: HLA-DR Antigens
  topic: keywords
subject: PTPN22 Protein
  topic: keywords
subject: STAT4 Transcription Factor
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: Epigenomics
  topic: keywords
creator: Nishwa Tul Eman
creator: Sandal Rafiq
creator: Aqsa Hayat
creator: Natasha Imtiaz
creator: Sabir Hussain
creator: Mansoor Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Nishwa Tul Eman, Sandal Rafiq, Aqsa Hayat, Natasha Imtiaz, Sabir Hussain, Mansoor Ahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
starting page: 181
ending page: 185
doi: 10.62497/IRABCS.2024.69

Applied Sciences
topic: category

Biological Sciences
topic: category

Chemical Sciences
topic: category

One Health
topic: keywords

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
topic: keywords

Livestock Improvement
topic: keywords

Novel Approaches in Combatting Diseases
topic: keywords

Health Security and Biosecurity
topic: keywords

1st INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (IRAD-2023)
topic: keywords

Resistance against Diseases
topic: keywords

Molecular Genetics
topic: keywords

Omics Tools
topic: keywords

AWKUM
topic: keywords

Pakistan Science Foundation
topic: keywords

Higher Education Commission
topic: keywords