Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Polymorphism Underlies Greater Genetic Association with COVID-19: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62497/irjmb.162Keywords:
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2, SARS-COV-2 , ACE2, COVID-19, Single nucleotide polymorphism, SNPAbstract
Introduction: Susceptibility to SARS-COV-2 has been associated with genetic variants in different Cohort and genome wide association studies. SARS-COV-2 is a deadliest virus that has so far leads to millions of deaths around the globe. Different risk factors have been determined for COVID-19 infection including older age, gender and associated comorbidities i.e. cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. Recent developments have shown that certain genes can augment or reduce the infection process. This study was mainly focused to investigate the genetic association of ACE2 polymorphism with COVID-19.
Methods: Current study includes systematic review of ACE2 gene and different polymorphism involvement in susceptibility to COVID-19. Data was extracted from all the selected papers. Original articles and papers written in English language were retrieved from Dec 2019 to March 2022. A total of 32 articles were selected for this review.
Results: Reports confirmed that SARS-COV-2 uses ACE2 as a receptor to enter into the cell. Analysis showed that females are less prone to be infected compared to males. One study confirmed that the variant (rs190509934) having allelic frequency 0.2-2% downregulate the expression of ACE2 by 37% thus lowering the infection risk of SARS-COV-2 by 40% confirming that there is strong association of ACE2 polymorphism with COVID-19. Besides, several studies showed that presence of certain variants exhibits a protective effect by decreasing the binding affinity of ACE2 to spike protein. One study suggested that individuals having HLA-B 15:03 allele may have immunity against infection.
Conclusion: Different genetic variants play crucial role in the outcome of the disease. An association was found between genetic polymorphism and susceptibility to COVID-19. The fact that ACE2 gene polymorphism is associated with various diseases can become an important marker for identifying the susceptibility and resistance against SARS-COV-2 infection.
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