Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

IRJPL is committed to maintaining the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. The publisher applies structured post-publication procedures to address errors, ethical concerns, and integrity issues in accordance with COPE guidelines.

Corrections

Corrections are issued when an error is identified in a published article that affects clarity, accuracy, or completeness but does not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions of the work. Such errors may include typographical mistakes, author affiliation errors, minor data inaccuracies, or omissions that do not alter the scientific interpretation. Corrections are clearly linked to the original article and are permanently visible to ensure transparency.

Retractions

Retractions are issued when published work is found to contain serious issues that invalidate its findings or compromise its integrity. This includes cases such as data fabrication or falsification, plagiarism, unethical research practices, duplicate publication, or major methodological errors. Retracted articles remain accessible for the purpose of preserving the scholarly record but are clearly marked as retracted and accompanied by a retraction notice explaining the reason.

Expressions of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when there is credible evidence of a potential ethical or integrity issue, but a full investigation is still ongoing or inconclusive. This notice serves to alert readers while maintaining fairness to all parties until the investigation is completed.

Investigation and Decision Process

All reported concerns are reviewed by the editorial office and may involve communication with authors, reviewers, institutions, or ethics committees when necessary. Final decisions regarding corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern are made by the Editor-in-Chief based on available evidence and in accordance with COPE flowcharts and best practices.

IRJPL ensures that all post-publication updates are handled fairly, transparently, and promptly to safeguard the integrity of the academic record.