Research Ethics Policy

All research must comply with international ethical standards (COPE, ICMJE and DORA). Authors are required to ensure that all studies involving human participants or animals have received prior approval from an appropriate institutional ethics review committee, and that such approval is clearly stated within the manuscript where applicable. Authors must ensure the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of all reported data, methods, and results. Proper citation of all sources and acknowledgment of prior work is mandatory to avoid plagiarism and ensure academic honesty.

Any form of research misconduct, including data fabrication, data falsification, plagiarism, unethical research practices, or failure to obtain ethical approval, is strictly prohibited. All suspected or confirmed violations are investigated in accordance with COPE procedures and may result in manuscript rejection, publication correction, retraction, or notification to relevant institutions.