Prevalence and Determinants of Poor Glycemic Control and Their Association with Lifestyle Factors and Diabetes-Related Complications Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62497/irabcs.232Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, HbA1c, lifestyle factors, diabetes complications, metabolic diseasesAbstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus of type 2 is a rapidly growing metabolic disorder throughout the world and poor glycemic control has a significant role in the development of diabetes associated complications.
Objective: To examine the prevalence and risk factors for sub-optimal glycemic control and its relationship with lifestyle and diabetes complications amongst adults with T2DM.
Methodology: This is a cross sectional analytical study that was carried out for a period of one year, from January 2025 to December 2025. A consecutive sampling method was used to select 420 adult patients who were diagnosed with T2DM. The data collection involved in this study was carried out by means of structured questionnaire and also medical record study. HbA1c was used as an indicator of glycemic control and poor control was defined as HbA1c >7%. Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were applied for analysis.
Results: Out of 420 patients, 264 (62.86%) had poor glycemic control, while 156 (37.14%) had good control. Sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and unhealthy diet were significantly associated with poor glycemic control (p<0.05). Poor control was also higher among patients with longer diabetes duration and higher BMI. Diabetic neuropathy was the most common complication (33.81%), followed by retinopathy (28.10%) and nephropathy (22.86%). Regression analysis identified sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, longer disease duration, and presence of complications as independent predictors of poor glycemic control.
Conclusion: Poor glycemic control is highly prevalent among type 2 diabetes patients and is strongly associated with modifiable lifestyle factors and diabetes-related complications.
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