Association of Periodontal Disease with Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Systemically Healthy Individuals A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Introduction: In addition to harming the gums and teeth, periodontal disease may also result in inflammation in other body areas. Finding out whether there is a connection between periodontal disease and CRP in healthy individuals' blood was the goal.

Methodology: A total of 101 patients were included in this case-control research conducted at Khyber College of Dentistry (KCD) Peshawar, 50 of whom had moderate to severe periodontitis and 51 of whom were in excellent dental health. The clinician used BOP, CAL, and PPD to evaluate periodontal health. An ELISA test was used to determine the serum's CRP levels. Chi-square tests, Pearson's correlation, and t-tests for independent samples were used to examine the data.

Results: The CRP levels of study participants in the case group were significantly higher (12.4 ± 4.6 mg/L) than those in the control group (3.1 ± 1.2 mg/L). There was a direct [positive] correlation between CRP and CAL (r = 0.75, p < 0.001) as well as PPD (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). As a test for periodontitis, CRP has 80.4% specificity and an 85.7% sensitivity. This implies that periodontal disease may be detected by CRP.

Conclusion: CRP is regarded as a biomarker for detecting and monitoring periodontal disease and has a good correlation with periodontitis. To confirm the findings, this research must be conducted again with a bigger sample size and a longer study design.

Keywords: Periodontal disease, Serum C-reactive protein, Periodontitis, Systemic inflammation, Biomarkers, Clinical attachment loss, Probing pocket depth, Sensitivity, Specificity, Diagnostic marker.