Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD)

A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Introduction: Globally, hospitalization and death from acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) account mostly for improving care, particularly in resource-limited environments like Pakistan depends on an awareness of the clinical profile and outcomes of patients hospitalized with AECOPD.

Methodology: Over 12 months, from January 2023 to December 2023, this prospective observational research was carried out at the Ayub Teaching Hospital(ATH), Abbottabad. The study included 121 hospitalized individuals with AECOPD. Demographic, clinical, comorbidity, treatment, and outcome data were gathered. To evaluate correlations and determinants of outcomes, statistical tests included chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression.

Results: The mean age was 65.2 ± 9.7 years, with 69.4% males and 30.6% females. A history of smoking was noted in 81.8% of patients. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (92.6%), productive cough (84.3%), and wheezing (76.0%). Hypertension (41.3%) and ischemic heart disease (36.4%) were common comorbidities. Non-invasive ventilation was used in 35.5%, and 9.1% required invasive ventilation. ICU admission occurred in 27.3% of cases, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 8.3%. The average hospital stay was 6.3 ± 2.7 days. Leukocytosis and need for invasive ventilation were significantly associated with ICU admission and mortality (p<0.05).

Conclusion: AECOPD continues to pose a significant clinical burden, especially in older patients with comorbidities. Early identification of high-risk individuals and prompt management may improve outcomes. Strengthening inpatient care and follow-up strategies is essential to reduce complications and mortality.

Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, AECOPD, Hospitalization, Mortality, Mechanical Ventilation, Pakistan, Prospective Study